New conservation territories, including buffer zones, migration corridors, and community wildlife management areas, have proliferated worldwide since the 1980s. Many of these conservation territories are critical components of community-based conservation (CBC) strategies meant to reduce the social and political conflicts historically associated with traditional protected areas such as national parks. There is a growing body of evidence, however, suggesting that CBCs and associated conservation territories often not only fail to defuse conflicts but also may even create new ones. Using the case of Nepal, the proposed paper seeks to understand how and why social and political conflict around ethnic identity and property rights is either reduced or exacerbated within new conservation territories. In particular, my paper examines whether and how the conservation interventions around the buffer zones of Chitwan National Park are shaping new conflicts around property rights and social justice. I draw from the political ecology of nature conservation to study the relationship between community based conservation (CBC) projects and territories and conflict around social and political right and responsibilities. In particular, using the concepts of environmentality (practices by means of which human self-regulate their behavior in relation to nature) and indigeneity (a particular form of cultural politics around social justice, rights, representation, recognition and self-determination), I intend to analyze community based conservation practices, discourses and performances at multiple scales.